Very briefly:
The Hurricane was, as has been said, biplane technology with one wing removed. It could, however, out-turn an Me109, very useful in a dog-fight, and it could absorb a lot of battle damage. However, it could not be developed as a fighter, but ended up a very successful ground-attack aircraft especially when fitted with rockets and anti-tank guns.
At the time of the Battle Of Britain, the main advantage of the Me109 over both the Hurricane and Spitfire was that its Daimler-Benz engine was fuel-injection, whereas the RR Merlin was carburettor-aspirated, and could and did briefly cut out when the aircraft were bunted into a dive. Not good. The Me109 was also fitted with 2 x 20mm cannon as well as machine-guns, and neither the Spitfire or Hurrican originally had cannon.
In aerodynamic terms, the Spitfire and Hurricane were very different aircraft, and even more different where their method of construction was concerned. Much of the Hurricane was wooden, and fabric covered.
The Spitfire was basically of all-metal monococque construction and was extensively developed from the Mk1 and MkIIc aircraft of the Battle Of Britain, through the Mk 24 and the Seafire and Seafang and Spiteful. The Spitfire's wing was much thinner than the Hurricane's, its actual thickness being determined originally by the thickness of the Dunlop tyres! It was also difficult and complex to manufacture.
The 'secret' of the Mustang was its laminar flow wing, i.e., a wing using a section which was aerodynamically very 'clean' with no bumps or protusions, and which gave the aircraft its superior speed and range as its low-drag configuration absorbed much less power from the engine. Initially the Mustang with its Allison engine was a disappointment, but was transformed by the use of the Merlin. It was still in use in the late 1970's by at least one Central American country.
Will end now, as once I get going about aircraft it's hard for me to stop.....don't want to bore anyone.
Big Gee