A 1947 ICI internal booklet entitled "This is your concern...." (printed of course at the Kynoch Press) gives an interesting overview of ICI's activities at the time. This is the Metals Division section.
THE Metals Division has its headquarters at Birmingham. It employs some 17,000 people - more than any other I.C.I. Division - and is the largest single producer of non-ferrous metals outside the U.S.A. The Division operates nineteen factories, located in or around the chief non-ferrous metal fabrication centres in Britain - Birmingham (Witton, Selly Oak and Smethwick), Manchester (Broughton Copper Works), Swansea and Waunarlwydd (South Wales), Wolverhampton, Leeds, Dundee and Stourport, Worcestershire. Some idea of its productive capacity may be gauged from the fact that in 1943 - the peak of its war effort - it turned out 150,000 tons of non-ferrous metals in various forms.
The Metals Division's existence within the I.C.I, organisation may be traced to the reciprocal trading which went on for years between the Nobel powder-making firms and the Birmingham ammunition trade. It sprang from the enterprise of George Kynoch, who in 1852 began the manufacture of percussion caps in a shed on the site of the present Kynoch works at Witton. Production of rifle cartridges and sporting ammunition followed. Not content with buying the necessary metal from outside sources, Kynoch decided to make it on his own account. In 1888 his firm laid down their own rolling mills, and began branching out into other lines of non-ferrous metal manufacture. This expansion into fields outside the original ammunition trade has continued steadily to this day.
The present Division represents a fusion of many well-known companies. In addition to the ammunition and non-ferrous metal interests of the original Kynoch group, it incorporates the ammunition interests of Nobels and Eley Bros., and the groups of non-ferrous metal companies associated with the names of Elliott's, Allen Everitt, British Copper Manufacturers and the Broughton Copper Company. Other undertakings included in the Division are Lightning Fasteners Ltd. (slide fasteners), Marston Excelsior Ltd. (heat exchangers of all kinds and other metal products), Fyffe & Co. Ltd. (tube joints) and Steatite & Porcelain Products Ltd. (ceramic products).
Many of the Division's products go out in semi-fabricated form for use in the heavy and light engineering trades, in building, and many other industries. Copper and copper alloys - in the form of plate, sheet, strip, rod, tube, wire and sections - are perhaps the most important as regards volume consumed. Large quantities of these products are used for electric generating plant, transmission lines, switchboards, motors and electrical apparatus of all kinds.
Much of the Division's output also finds its way into such automobile fitments as radiators, electrical equipment, windscreen frames, etc. Railway locomotives, too, absorb a large amount, particularly for fireboxes and fire.box stays. Condenser tubes for every kind of steam-producing plant and steam-driven machinery on land or sea are made either of brass, cupro-nickel or one of the special alloys produced by the Division for this purpose. The development of the cupro-nickel condenser tube of international fame was largely the work of Allen Everitt & Sons Ltd. These tubes are to be found in most ships of the Royal Navy and in the largest British liners, including the Queen Elizabeth and Queen Mary. More homely objects such as electric wire, fuseboxes, cisterns, hot-water tanks, geysers, curtain rails, hooks, hinges, locks and bolts - to say nothing of kettles and saucepans - bear witness to the part played by the Division's copper alloys in everyday domestic life.
The names of Eley and Kynoch are known to all users of what are called 'sporting cartridges', though the term is misleading, because they are used as much for the destruction of vermin as in the pursuit of game. The Ammunition Departments also make cartridges for shooting galleries, for clay pigeon shooting and miniature rifle clubs, as well as special cartridges for humane cattle killers and engine starting. Railway fog signals are another product of these departments.
A somewhat surprising product for an industry largely devoted to heavy-metal manufacture is the slide fastener, popularly known as the 'zipp'. This, under the name of the 'Lightning' fastener, has been an important item on the Division's production list since 1920.
One further, and at first sight illogical, activity of the Division concerns the Kynoch Press. This owes its existence to a small plant originally set up to print the paper for cartridge cases. In the course of time it has reached its present status as a producer of high-quality printing. The Kynoch Press, besides turning out the bulk of I.C.I.'s printed matter, includes several London pub.lishers and advertising agencies among its clients.
During the war the Metals Division was of great service to the nation. Ten new plants were added to its peacetime undertakings and 30,000 to its payroll. The immense variety of munitions which it produced ranged from semi-fabricated non-ferrous metals and light alloys to such finished products as quick-firing cartridge cases and driving bands for shells, condenser tubes for the Royal and Merchant Navies, periscope tubes for submarines, and fuel tanks, radiators and oil-coolers for aircraft. Ammunition output was equally varied, over sixty different kinds being made, including many for special weapons. In addition, three wartime small arms ammunition factories were operated for the Government, and these, together with the Witton plant, were at one time producing no fewer than twenty million rounds a week.
Witton has for long been one of the largest centres of non-ferrous metal research and development in Great Britain. Many new and important alloys bear witness to its activity. The Division did not seriously enter the light alloy field until 1939, but by 1943 it had taken a leading place among British manufacturers. Today the bulk of its light alloys is going into the manufacture of aluminium houses. What remains is mostly taken up by firms manufacturing aircraft, railway coaches, lorries, cars, and bicycles, but household equipment and fittings - all the more attractive for being dyed in a variety of colours - are a rapidly growing market.
Chris