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James Watt and Harpers Hill

Neil M

proper brummie kid
James Watt lived in one wing of a Georgian Mansion on Harpers Hill from 1775 to 1790. I've recently come across details of the sale of a "Harpers Hill Estate" in 1818 which appears to have been occupied by the gunmaker David Blair (there is a separate thread about him on this site) and leased or rented to his former partners Richard and Ramsay Sutherland. Do you think the estate described (below) could have been the one in which Watt had lived?

The Sale Of Harpers Hill Estate 1818 revealing it’s details

A] Advance notification of Sale: Transcript from Aris’s Birmingham Gazette of June 15th 1818

EARLY next Month will be SOLD by AUCTION, in Lots, by ISAAC FARROR, all
those valuable Premises at Harper’s Hill, Birmingham, formerly in the Occupation of Mr. David Blair, deceased, and lately in the Tenure of Messrs. Sutherlands, Gun Manufacturers, and others; comprising three excellent Dwelling Houses and extensive Manufactory, with large Garden, Lawn, and Shrubbery, occupying in the Whole about two Acres of Land. Particulars will appear in next Week’s Paper.”

B] Sale Details: Transcript from Aris’s Birmingham Gazette of 27th July 1818:-

HARPER’S HILL ESTATE, BIRMINGHAM.
Comprising handsome uniform Residences, complete Manufactory, large Garden, Shrubbery, &c. in one lot.

To be SOLD by Auction by ISAAC FARROR, at the Royal Hotel, in Temple Row, Birmingham, To-morrow (Tuesday) the 28th of July, between the Hours of Four and Five o’Clock in the Afternoon:—All those highly valuable, well situated, and extensive Premises, with large Gardens, Shrubbery, Lawn, and spare Land, occupying in the Whole two Acres of Ground, advantageously situated at Harper’s Hill, in the most important mercantile Part of the Town of Birmingham, sufficiently retired within itself so as to suit the Purpose of any Person either in or out of Business.

The Buildings present a large handsome modern Elevation, with uniform Wings, lately occupied by Messrs. Sutherland and others as three distinct Residences, [Note: This would previously have included David Blair who had earlier occupied at least one of the residences] but admirably calculated for the Accommodation of two genteel Families, containing in the whole 17 Sleeping Rooms, with convenient Closets, five Parlours, handsome flagged Entrance Halls, and good Oak Staircases, excellent Kitchens, with Pantries, Larders, and Sculleries, complete Wine, Ale, and Beer Cellars, Brewhouses, Coalhouses, Carriage-house, and all other convenient Outbuildings, with a capital Garden, well planted, Shrubbery, Lawn, with a Carriage Sweep, &c. &c.; also an extensive Range of Warehouses and Shopping, at a convenient detached Distance from the Dwelling Houses, unequalled in the Town, the whole of which are in the most substantial Repair, fitted up in a superior Manner, and plentifully supplied with excellent Water, forming together a Property of a most desirable and valuable Description.

This Estate is Leasehold for a Term of Years, 49 of which were unexpired at Lady Day last, subject to a small Ground Rent, and might easily be divided into three good Lots. For further Particulars apply to Mr. Osbaldeston, Solicitor, London Street, London; or to Messrs. [Sutherland], Gun Manufacturers, or the Auctioneer, all of Birmingham.”
 
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I think it could well be James Watt's house. This is from Bill Darque's site:

Harpur's Hills: first record 1772​

Harpers Hill from Samuel Smiles 1865 'Lives of Boulton and Watt' a work now out-of-copyright downloaded from Grace's Guide website. Harpers Hill from Samuel Smiles 1865 'Lives of Boulton and Watt' a work now out-of-copyright downloaded from Grace's Guide website.
Harpers Hill, the rising ground at the top of James Street in the Jewellery Quarter, Hockley, is probably named from a previous landowner.

A blue plaque commemorates the fact that from 1775 to 1790 James Watt lived at a house called Regents Place on Harpers Hill, its entrance at the north end of the street. It was a large double-fronted house built in brick with stone facings, at that time on the outskirts of the town.

The house itself was demolished c1885, but the caretaker's house at Deakin & Francis Ltd, 17 Regent Place, is one of the outbuildings of the original house. In 1790 as the town came nearer, Watt moved to Heathfield in Handsworth.
 
I think it could well be James Watt's house. This is from Bill Darque's site:

Harpur's Hills: first record 1772​

Harpers Hill from Samuel Smiles 1865 'Lives of Boulton and Watt' a work now out-of-copyright downloaded from Grace's Guide website. 'Lives of Boulton and Watt' a work now out-of-copyright downloaded from Grace's Guide website. Harpers Hill from Samuel Smiles 1865 'Lives of Boulton and Watt' a work now out-of-copyright downloaded from Grace's Guide website.
Harpers Hill, the rising ground at the top of James Street in the Jewellery Quarter, Hockley, is probably named from a previous landowner.

A blue plaque commemorates the fact that from 1775 to 1790 James Watt lived at a house called Regents Place on Harpers Hill, its entrance at the north end of the street. It was a large double-fronted house built in brick with stone facings, at that time on the outskirts of the town.

The house itself was demolished c1885, but the caretaker's house at Deakin & Francis Ltd, 17 Regent Place, is one of the outbuildings of the original house. In 1790 as the town came nearer, Watt moved to Heathfield in Handsworth.
Thanks very much for this. There are some other bits of possible evidece:

1) Aris's Birmingham Gazette of Monday 05 August 1816 refers to the sale of property owned by David Blair situated "in James Street and Northwood Street, St. Paul's." [Quite separate from his premises at 36 St Paul's Square and in Brook Street]. Blair died in 1814.
2) Aris’s Birmingham Gazette of 6th August 1821 refers to the sale of R&R Sutherland's stock (ie Blair's former partners) after going bankrupt and says it will take place: "upon the Premises, Harper’s Hill, Birmingham (Entrance through the Garden from Regent Place, Caroline Street, St. Paul’s)".

I wonder if these two extracts refer to separate parts of the same site because on the map from the time (see next entry) they form a block that would have been in the centre of Harpers Hill. Furthermore the main entrance to Watt's house appears to have been in Regents Place whilst recent archaeological evidence places part of the same estate occupied by Watt at the site of 109 Northwood Street including the former AE Harris factory. (https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/library/browse/issue.xhtml?recordId=1216916).

Finally, it seems that "during the excavation, archaeologists discovered the foundations and basement of the central block of the villa......which had been split into two back-to-back properties. The two homes were set in a large garden and had kitchens housed in ancillary buildings on either side of the main block" (https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/ne...ialist-james-watts-jewellery-quarter-20625584)

In which case it would be an interesting connection to Blair the gunmaker - who, incidentally (or perhaps not...), was Scottish as was Watt himself.
 
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A street map from1795 is helpful in understanding the layout around Harpers Hill at the time of all this although there was clearly significant urbanisation over the next 15 years or so:

Adapted Street Map of Birmingham 1795 enlarged to centre on St Pauls Square
Adapted from: "The Plan of Birmingham, Surveyed in the Year 1795, engraved and published by Charles Pye of Birmingham". No surveyor named. From Townley, J. Late eighteenth century Birmingham – a History in Maps. https://historywm.com/articles/late-eighteenth-century-birmingham-a-history-in-maps
 

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I've now found an account of the history of James Watt's house in Harpers Hill by George Demidowicz which is contained within the Archaeology Warwickshire Report No 2140 MAY 2021 of the Harpers Hill excavations. It clearly shows that David Blair took over the Harpers Hill lease from 1798/9! So the description above does indeed describe the estate where James Watt had lived. I've summarised the key finding from the report below:

Archaeology Warwickshire Report No 2140 MAY 2021


A short history of Harpers Hill House by George Demidowicz {Paras 3.11-3.20 pp 7-10}

Para 3.18: The Twigg family gave up the head lease of Harpers Hill in 1798, Charles Twigg, John’s son, having been declared bankrupt. The house was taken over by David Blair, a Scotsman who entered into a partnership with Richard and Ramsay Sutherland, gun makers, as Blair and Sutherland. They were also bankrupt by 1819.

The sequence of head lease holders from the construction of the house to its demolition in about 1872, four in total, is as follows: 1775-1798 John Twigg then Charles Twigg (Bankrupt 15th May 1798) Factor Button maker, dealer & chapman; 1799-1819 David Blair then Blair & Sutherland then Richard & Ramsay Sutherland (Bankrupt 27th July 1819) Gun makers;1819-1847 Francis Sheppard then Francis jnr Brass founders Vinegar brewer then Francis & Samuel [Juliana Sheppard resident > 1839] 1848-1872 John Aston [lease expires 1872] Button manufacturer – Wharston House

Finally, in para 3.20, Demidowicz states: "It is important to emphasise that the house was never known as Regents Place, a misunderstanding which seems to have begun in 1865 with Samuel Smiles and has been often repeated up to the present day. Access to the house was originally obtained from Graham Street and later from the junction of James Street and Northwood Street. The back gardens did not reach the present Regents Place until after 1816. The plaque commemorating James Watt’s residence in Regents Place should be moved into the west end of Northwood Street, as it has been placed in the wrong street on the wrong site." (my emphasis)
 
Thank you! I think it's in the right place and the whole estate probably extended down to Graham Street originally according to George Demidowicz in the archaeology reference above. Since 1790 there has evidently been urbanisation and redevelopment of the area. The main house was demolished in about 1855 so only just time to catch it on your map! It's interesting to see the access from the junction of James Street and Northwood Street on the south side and from Regents Place on the north side both of which are described in the extracts from Aris's Birmingham Gazette. I can see you've done an expert job in enlarging the detail but where did you find the original map?
 
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