It works for me. This is what it says
For this week’s blog I decided to return to an ‘On this day….’ format. With this in mind I searched our catalogue for an interesting event occurring on the 6th March at some point in the past. During my search I stumbled across an entry for a copy of an Act (dated 6th March 1793) for the creation of the Birmingham and Warwick Canal.
The Act is entitled:
An Act for making and maintaining a navigable Canal from or nearly from a Place called The Saltisford
in the Parish of St Mary
, in the Borough Of Warwick
, into or near to the Parish of Birmingham
, in the County of Warwick,
and to terminate at or near to a certain navigable canal in or near to the Town of Birmingham
called the Digbeth
Branch of the Birmingham
and Birmingham
and Fazeley
Canal Navigations
Built during the
‘Golden Age’ of Canals (1760 – 1830), this canal was proposed in order to supply Warwick and surrounding areas with coal, iron, stone, flour and grain, and to allow supplies between Birmingham and Warwick to pass unhindered. One of the first canals, the Bridgewater Canal, was built for much the same reason. The
Bridgewater Canal, completed in 1761, was supervised by James Brindley and funded by the Duke of Bridgewater. This canal, affectionately known as the “Duke’s Cut”, was built to carry coal from Bridgewater’s mines in Worseley to Manchester. Often known as the first truly man-made canal in Britain, now this canal extends from Worseley to Runcorn and connects to the Trent & Mersey Canal and the Manchester Ship Canal among others.
For more information about the Bridgewater Canal, please click here.
The Act authorized the building of a canal from Saltisford, Warwick for 22 miles to the Digbeth Branch of the Birmingham Canal. It became known as the
Warwick and Birmingham Canal. The Act states that the Canal would pass through many areas including Hatton, Kingswood, Knowle, Yardley and Aston-juxta-Birmingham. There is some suggestion on p 52 of the Act that the canal company had to pay rent to the owners of the land they would cut through to build the canal, and this financial agreement would have to be reached, either rent agreed or the land purchased etc, before any work could be started. Once the agreement was reached, work could begin immediately. There is also a suggestion that those living on the banks of the canal, or close by, were able to use the canal for free for certain activities.
Part of the Act detailing penalties and settlements, should property be damaged as a result of executing the powers of the Act. [Finding Number MS 20/378]
At the time of the Act there were many canal companies that were vying for contracts and often competing with each other. It seems to have been this Act that ordered the unification of a number of these canal companies into one ‘Body Politic and Corporate’ ‘by the Name of Warwick and Birmingham Canal Navigation’. This ensured that from 1793 onwards there was one Birmingham based canal company to take on contracts. This meant canals were built quickly and efficiently, and with collaboration with other West Midlands canal companies.
Creation of the ‘Body Politic and Corporate, by the name of The Company of Proprietors of the Warwick and Birmingham Canal Navigation’. [Finding Number MS 20/378]
The Act was first submitted to the House of Lords on the 26 February 1793. On the 27 February it was ordered that a select Committee of Lords were to meet the following Friday to consider the Act. After some small amendments, debated and discussed over the following days, the Bill was passed in both Houses on the
5th of March 1793 and given Royal Assent, by King George III, on the 6th March 1793.
In our archive we have a copy of this Act which is housed within a bundle of papers that once belonged to Christopher Wren! Now, before people get too excited, it is not that Christopher Wren, but may be his son and Grandson, helpfully all called Christopher! The bundle from which the copy of the Act comes from does contain a family tree of the Wren family of Wroxall, Warwickshire.
Wren family tree. [Finding Number MS 20/378]
As you can see from the images above, the tree, comprised of numbered boxes with a key next to it, lists the family members and where they sit in the tree. The tree begins with Christopher Wren born 1675. This
Christopher was the son of Sir Christopher Wren and was born at Wroxall Abbey in Warwickshire. Christopher Wren the Younger was the second, but first surviving son of Sir Christopher, educated at Eton and Pembroke College, and on his return from an architectural tour of Europe, began working with his father, as a clerk of works. For a brief period, he was a Member of Parliament, representing Windsor between 1713 and 1715, retiring to Wroxall after losing his seat in 1716. Wroxall Abbey had been acquired by his father in 1713 as a family home. Christopher Wren the Younger left behind 2 surviving sons Christopher (born 1710) and Stephen (born 1722), Christopher went on to inherit the Abbey. It is possible that the papers in the bundle belong to Christopher Wren the Younger and his descendants.
The Act is comprised of 156 pages and covers sections on the process of building the canal, recompense for lands used, the sourcing of water, legal obligations to pay for the use of the canal, and the exemptions and punishments for not paying. It is an interesting Act and shows the industrious nature of Birmingham folk in solving the problems beginning to show themselves at the dawn of the Industrial Revolution. It shows businesses finding faster and more efficient methods of transporting their goods to all areas of the country. It shows a city and its people wanting to connect with the rest of the country.
If you are interested in viewing this Act or the bundle it is part of, you will need to make an appointment in the
Wolfson Centre for Archival Research and request the item using the Finding Number: MS 20/378.