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The Crescent Ladywood

In view of my Norton connection on my Mothers side and my involvement with the Crescent Theatre when I lived in Birmingham I researched the area and came up with the following from a variety of sources, hope it helps?


The Crescent
In 1790 an ambitious scheme had been begun between Cambridge Street and the canal which was to have consisted of a crescent of 23 stone-fronted houses, designed by John Rawsthorne and built by Charles Norton Three years later only the flanking wings had been completed and the project was said to have failed because of the depression caused by the French wars. The five houses which remain, representing the east wing, were converted into the original Crescent Theatre, their rather plain stone facades having been preserved intact. In the 19th century this area rapidly became unsuitable for residential development owing to the concentration of industry along the canal. A half-derelict survival of its earlier phase is in Kingston Row, a street formerly crossing the canal.

NB Another version of the above detailed on a 1962 Street Map reads.

Charles Norton designed a crescent of houses in 1778.

History of the Crescent Theatre
The Crescent originated in December 1923 when City Council employees entertained their colleagues with a Christmas party revue. They also had ambition - to raise the funds to acquire their own theatre. Plans were made at a meeting on 30th January 1924 and the Municipal Players were in business. For the next seven years plays were mounted in the Council House canteen and at the Midland Institute while fund-raising progressed. In 1931 the opportunity came to lease premises at Nos. 17, 18 and 19 The Crescent, together with the derelict Baskerville Hall behind. The Players converted the decaying buildings into a theatre with raked auditorium, stage, dressing rooms and workshops and this opened with much national and local press publicity in April 1932.
The company now included members not in the employ of the Council and enjoyed success until the outbreak of war in 1939 when Government restrictions closed theatres. Restrictions were relaxed in 1940 and despite the blackout and air raids the theatre remained open, intending to help the war effort. A decision was taken that the Crescent should become the City’s Garrison Theatre, solely for the entertainment of troops and auxiliary services. Fitting in rehearsals and performances between daily work and voluntary Civil Defence duties, the depleted Company embarked on a programme of revues, comedies and chiller/thrillers until the end of hostilities. During the next ten years the theatre developed & extended, plans were made to double the size of the auditorium; all was set for expansion when the Council dealt a stunning blow. The land was needed for development and the Company was given notice to quit. This time there was no question of a member’s’ D-I-Y job. With the theatre’s capital now fairly substantial the Board opted for a purpose-built theatre. The Council offered a site in Cumberland Street and an interest-free loan. Ownership of the building was vested in The Crescent Theatre (New Building) Trust Ltd and a limited company formed to run the theatre.
That building (our previous home) opened in October 1964, with its revolutionary design of the revolving auditorium/stage, but minus the top storey, costs had risen and the money ran out but the flexible staging gave greater scope to designers and directors and the building was in great demand from other companies wishing to hire it.
In the late 1980s history appeared to repeat itself as the Council disposed of the ground lease to developers and the theatre’s 1960s architecture did not fit in the with the proposed prestigious scheme. The Company once more faced the prospect of losing its home. After long and delicate negotiations, the developers, Brindleyplace plc, agreed to finance a new building on a canal-side site fronting onto Sheepcote Street (our present home).
 
Thanks for the maps David and BordesleyExile. Looking at the maps it does seem most likely that the building of the Crescent took account of the Newhall arm of the canal. So even if the canal arm hadn't been built, the plans would most probably have been known. Viv.
 

Thanks for posting that . I had already posted some notes from the Archaeology Survey for the new library on another thread but this is much more detailed. I have to take issue with one point on the map but perhaps it is because I am pedantic. The map shows the Worcester & Birmingham Canal running past the present ICC whereas the the W & B starts from Worcester Bar in Gas Street Basin.
 
This is a wonderful 1960s Phyllis Nicklin photo entitled " Crescent at Cambridge Street". It gives a very clear idea of the type of buildings close to the Crescent. Viv.

https://www.pbase.com/beppuu/image/81046993

I remember this. This is the Cambridge Street frontage. The Crescent buildings are just off picture to the right. I remember the Public Lighting Depot to the left of the picture. Photgrapher would have been standing near the corner of Baskerville House behind the new library.
 
Yes, I agree Viv the plans for the canal would have been known about when arrangements for the Crescent were in progress, particularly as that particular canal itself was a highly contentious matter and the route changed. The lease of the Crescent land was granted on 19th Feb 1790 by King Edwards Grammar School. Odd that Norton proceeded anyway given the importance placed on location & the needs of his target market. Of all the early Crescent descriptions I have accessed none refer to the canal, let alone the implications of even potential nearby commercial acticity. Perhaps Norton was also his own spin doctor!
I do find it strange that British History Online author loosley linked Kingston Row with the Crescent. In reality the link is only geographical proximity. English Heritage put the build date of Kingston Row at 1730, therefore earlier than the Crescent and the impetus too for that build would have been very different.
 
That's interesting BordesleyExile, I sense we're teasing out the real history of the place. Throughout this thread something's been nagging me: why this site? Why not somewhere greener, less industrial? It must have been a pretty dirty and busy place by the time the Crescent was built. The thoughts I've had about Norton's choice of location were maybe it was initially driven by convenience (if say some of the prospective residents were linked to trade via the canal, perhaps) or that the land was comparatively cheap to lease. But maybe its undoing was simply down to a poor decision. Whatever the reason(s) wouldn't the impact of the Napoleonic Wars have provided a very useful excuse? Or am I being too harsh? Viv.

Just had another thought. Am I right in thinking that the Crescent was intended to provide purely domestic residences? Viv.
 
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In the 1780s Charles Norton was a Timber and Lime dealer based at Crescent Wharf, initially in partnership with Joseph May. The partnership was dissolved in 1792 and Charles continued the business alone. After his death his son Josiah ran the business with his wife Charlotte (Cootes), she eventually took over the business after Josiahs death and entered partnership with Samuel de la Grange Williams, of Edgbaston. This partnership lasted until 1836 when Samuel took over the business.

The Norton family originated from Tettenhall, Wolverhampton and were all associated with the building trade, the ones remaining in the Tettenhall area were near the canal at Compton and I believe were connected to the Birmingham Nortons by supplying Lime via the canals. Some of Charles Nortons children remained in the area of the Crescent and are listed on the 1841/51 census returns.
In 1841 Crescent, Crescent Bridge, Crescent Wharf, Lime Wharf & Kingston Row all in the district of Ladywood.

Clarkie
 
Charles Lloyd (1748–1828), a son of Sampson Lloyd II founder of Lloyds Bank, was a partner in the bank as well as a poet and campaigner against slaavery. He lived, and died, in Bingley House on Broad Street, later demolished to build Bingley Hall. The Lloyds bought Bingley House then in the country to be out of the smoke of Birmingham. We are talking about the same period as the Crescent.
 
Charles Lloyd (1748–1828), a son of Sampson Lloyd II founder of Lloyds Bank, was a partner in the bank as well as a poet and campaigner against slaavery. He lived, and died, in Bingley House on Broad Street, later demolished to build Bingley Hall. The Lloyds bought Bingley House then in the country to be out of the smoke of Birmingham. We are talking about the same period as the Crescent.

David. I expect then that the Showell's Dictionary references to the lack of an "extensive view over gardens and green fields" and the reality of "chimney pots and slated roofs" is perhaps inspired more by the view seen in the 1880s when the Dictionary was published. However I do wonder if this area experienced very rapid growth over a very short period of time, perhaps. Viv
 
Byngas Hall, later Bingley House demolished in 1850 to build Bingley Hall and now the site of the ICC was built in 1760 for A James Farmer. This is a drawing of Byngas Hall/ Bingley House.

Phil

City Broad St Byngas Hall Site of Bingley Hall & Later ICC.JPG
 
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I remember one John Growse,
Who buckles made in Brummagem,
He built himself a country house,
To be out of the smoke of Brummagem
But though John's country house stands still,
The town has walked up hill,
Now he lives besidea smoky mill,
In the middle of Brummagem.

From I Can't Find Brummagem by James Dobbs 1781-1837. showing the changes in Birmingham in the time we are talking about
 
This is an interesting thread about the Crescent and seems to parallel a similar theme that occured in the Dudeston area and old Vauxhall Gardens; where a crescent (Alma) of fine houses was started that would have the prospect of looking out over the Saltley plain and Washwood Heath. It too was overtaken by industry and became an area of modest abodes for workers. I wondered where the Crescent in the sketch was (#14). I don't think that the passage of the canal would have deteriorated the development and indeed there was seemingly a gardened forecourt between it and the houses. However this was filled in with factory and wharfe buildings seemingly and this fact would have put the cybosh on the dreams. Interesting that today we are facing depleted coffers due to stupid wars and heroic measures are being taken to hold the line on further depression....nothing changes does it.
Further to this area...when it was either scrub or fields...Priory Brook ran through and was dammed about here to raise the level from which head a leat was fed to the Priory pool on Colmore Row, opposite St Phillips. No Row then...just a lane. Long way to dig a leat but such long leats were common to the area. I suspect the brook now just adds to the canal water. Hope the leat diggers had something heavier than sandles to wear.
 
Hi
does anyone know anything about the Wharf in the late 18th century - before the beautiful new houses started to go up? I am trying to pick up some info on the Sherratt's and their Fly Waggons which left from Sherratt's Wharf, Crescent - around 1793. I have found lots of Shaerratts in Staffordshire (coal and iron masters) but none in Birmingham.
Dawn
 
Bit later, but in 1815 Wrightsons directory lists Richard Sherratt, Snow hill, and John Sherratt, grocer & tea dealer , Henrietta St. Neither are listed in the 1818 directory
 
David Cox's canal painting was of Crescent Wharf, I understand Dawn. perhaps someone can post a copy. You might find text on Sherratts or the conditions under which they operated if you look at the various books on early road transport.
 
Is this the one you mean shirley?

birmingham_canal_by_david_cox.jpg
 
What a wonderful painting Mike and Bordesleyexile! Thanks for putting it back on the Forum. Never seen it before. Viv.
 
Great Thread folks. May I post this as an important element in the history of the Crescent. I am currently in the process of rebuilding the WOMENS HOSPITAL thread, and this is a summary of the importance to Birmingham women's health, that was played out in those early days of that elegant thoroughfare.....

Crescent ( Womens Hospital birth) narrative.jpg
 
From a female point of view this must have been such a godsend to women at the time. #8 and #7 The Crescent and the garden wards would have been a place of relief and hope for those women who benefitted from the medical support offered. It would be interesting to find out more about the place if anyone has any information (such as what they specialised in, how many women supported etc.. ) Viv.
 
This cutting is from th ebirmingham Post 12.9.1862. I am not sure whether it is a story about, or an advert for, the turkish baths in The Crescent, probably th elatteras often the two are mixed up in the paper at this time. I like the description of the area as being semi-rural.

turkish_bath_in_crescent_12_9_1862.jpg
 
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