• Welcome to this forum . We are a worldwide group with a common interest in Birmingham and its history. While here, please follow a few simple rules. We ask that you respect other members, thank those who have helped you and please keep your contributions on-topic with the thread.

    We do hope you enjoy your visit. BHF Admin Team

Siemens And Steelmaking

mikejee

Super Moderator
Staff member
The connection of the development of the blast furnace to Birmingham does not seem to have been discussed previously. I came across it in an old book recently put online at https://www.gutenberg.org/files/54475/54475-h/54475-h.htm.
I quote:
Siemens was much engaged from 1846 in conjunction with his brother Frederick in experimental attempts, continued over a period of ten years, at the construction of the regenerative gas furnace. At length, in 1861, he proposed the application of his furnace to an “open hearth,” and during the next few years some partial attempts to carry out his process were made, and he himself had established experimental works at Birmingham in order to mature his processes, while Messrs. Martin of Sireuil, in France, having obtained licences under Siemens’ patents, gave their attention to a modification of his process, by which they succeeded in producing excellent steel. Siemens having in 1868 proved the practicability of his plans by converting at his Birmingham works some old phosphorized iron rails into serviceable steel, a company was formed, and in 1869 the Landore Siemens’ Steel Works were established at Landore in Glamorganshire, and a few years after, these had sixteen Siemens 69open hearth melting furnaces at work, giving a total output of 1,200 tons of steel per week. The number of furnaces was subsequently increased. Extensive works specially designed for carrying out the Siemens and the Siemens-Martin process were shortly afterwards erected at other places, as at Newtown, near Glasgow, Panteg in Wales, etc. In Great Britain the open hearth process gradually gained upon the Bessemer, until in 1893, when the total output of both kinds amounted to nearly 3,000,000 tons, this was almost equally divided between them, and since that period the steel made by the former has greatly surpassed in amount that made by the latter.
Looking at the 1867 P.O.directory, there is no mention of a William or Frederick Siemens, but there was a Charles William Siemens, steel melter at 20 Hampton St. So this would be where the work was done. the approximate area in which where no 20 was is in red on the map below (no maps remain showing exact numbering in that opart of Hampton st, but the small building would have been somewhere in that red area

map c 1889 shoing approx. position of 20 Hampton St.jpg
 
Didn't know of a Birmingham connection for Siemen. The company that eventually became GKN was making iron in Dowlais since 1759. By 1856 they were using the Bessemer method there to produce steel mainly for railway rails. Their new factory in Cardiff comprising six Siemen furnaces opened in 1895 to supply the ship building industry.
 
C.W Siemen worked for Fox, Henderson &Co. at London Works in Smethwick. The same company that was responsible for the roof of New St station. In 1860 Watkins and Keen moved into these same premises, ie the "Keen" of GKN.
 
A mention in the Scientific American magazine of December 1983, of the death of Siemens in December 1883.
Looking at the directories:

Before Siemens, 20 Hampton st was occupied by George Farmer, hook & eye manufacturer.
1867-1868 Charles William Siemens , Steel smelter, 20 Hampton St
No 20 not listed in the 1872 and 1873 directories. No mention of Siemens elsewhere
1876 Charles William Siemens. 20 Hampton St. civil engineer
But after that no 20 is not listed, nor is Siemens listed

Scientific American June 1873.jpg
 
Last edited:
A fuller review of Siemens and his connections to Birmingham are given in the Birmingham post in 1888

C.W.Siemens..Birm post.24.12.1888.jpg
 
With regards to iron smelting in Birmingham there was a charcoal furnace at Aston

Coke smelting was performed at the Cape Furnace, Smethwick

Steel making has been discussed in an article for the Black Countryman by myself
With steel there were developments from the early processes (cementation) to crucible steel and later still more modern methods such as connected with Siemens

The use of steel in Birmingham included the making of buckles and extended to umbrellas and of course steel pen nibs, The bulk of steel was brought to Birmingham.

And, the early steelworks in Steelhouse Lane used iron from Sweden and elsewhere as local iron was not preferred, as is shown in R Angersteins diary following his visit to Birmingham
 
Back
Top