Turnpikes in some US states are pay to use roads. In Tennessee where we live now the term pike (non pay) is used frequently usually as an older transport route. TN was once a part of North Carolina which was settled mostly by British, Scottish and Irish settlers.There was a time when the turnpike provided an important transport route. but there is no specific sub group for them
Actually the initial pikes were poles or pikes that the toll collector turned (Turnpike) after the money or fee was paid to let someone by.Turnpikes were basically a gate that blocked access to a road until a toll was paid at the toll house alongside.
Attached are some of the routes in Birmingham that had a turnpike in the 19th century. The first act for turnpikes was passed in 1663 in Hertfordshire. I believe there is all ready a link to this subject on the Forum Under Tollhouses of Birmingham.
Janet, the pike turner was also used to access private roads or through ways.Seems turnpikes were around since the 16th century according to this article.